“Nothing About Us – Without Algorithms?” A Theoretical Synthesis of the Contradictions in the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Disability

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative forces of the 21st century; it reshapes industries, economies, governmental systems, and the functioning of societies at an unprecedented pace. The tools of AI, including large language models (LLMs), are reshaping the frameworks of human communication, knowledge transmission, and social participation. From the perspective of disability studies, these technologies exhibit a dual nature: they offer access and new instruments to support inclusion, while also carrying the risk of exclusion. These systems are therefore both technological and normative constructions: the linguistic patterns and cultural assumptions embedded in them determine who appears in the digital space and how they are represented. Focusing on this duality, the study examines how the issues of fairness, autonomy, transparency, and accessibility emerge in the development and application of large language models, with a specific focus on people with disabilities.